目前,以信(xin)息(xi)技術徹(che)底改造現(xian)有的電(dian)(dian)(dian)力能(neng)(neng)源利(li)用體(ti)系(xi),最大限(xian)度地開發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)體(ti)系(xi)的能(neng)(neng)源效率(lv)成為當前非常熱門的焦點。主(zhu)要(yao)通過(guo)一個(ge)數字化信(xin)息(xi)網(wang)絡系(xi)統將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)從開發(fa)(fa)(fa)、輸(shu)送、存儲、轉(zhuan)換(huan)(發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian))、輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、配電(dian)(dian)(dian)、供電(dian)(dian)(dian)、售(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、服務以終端(duan)用戶(hu)等多個(ge)環節進行(xing)智能(neng)(neng)化精(jing)確控制。將(jiang)能(neng)(neng)源的利(li)用水平(ping)提(ti)高(gao)到(dao)一個(ge)新的臺階。降低污染(ran),提(ti)高(gao)投資(zi)和收益比例(li),這就是智能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的基本建設思(si)想(xiang)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)調度自動化主(zhu)站的發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)也將(jiang)受到(dao)智能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)框架思(si)想(xiang)的影(ying)響,并(bing)基于計算機網(wang)絡技術,向智能(neng)(neng)化發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。
一(yi)、智能電網概念
智能(neng)電(dian)網(wang)是(shi)經濟和科技發展(zhan)的(de)(de)必然。近年(nian)來(lai),美(mei)(mei)、歐等不(bu)少國家都(dou)相繼開(kai)展(zhan)了(le)智能(neng)電(dian)網(wang)的(de)(de)有關研究。到目(mu)前為(wei)止還都(dou)處于初(chu)級階段。美(mei)(mei)國電(dian)力(li)(li)科學研究院( EPRI)提出(chu)“Intelli Grid”概念,而(er)美(mei)(mei)國能(neng)源部(bu)(DOE)則提出(chu)了(le)“GridWise”。雖然二者(zhe)稱(cheng)謂不(bu)同(tong), 但內涵和目(mu)標基本一(yi)(yi)致。在(zai)歐洲,則采用了(le)“Smart Grid”。盡(jin)管智能(neng)電(dian)網(wang)在(zai)國際上還沒有統一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)定義,但是(shi)總(zong)體來(lai)說(shuo),是(shi)使用健全(quan)的(de)(de)雙路通信、高級的(de)(de)傳(chuan)感器和分布(bu)式計算機的(de)(de)電(dian)力(li)(li)傳(chuan)輸(shu)和分配網(wang)絡(luo),其(qi)目(mu)的(de)(de)是(shi)改善電(dian)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)送和使用的(de)(de)效率、可靠性和安全(quan)性。
二、傳統(tong)和智能電網(wang)調(diao)度自動化區別
傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)調度(du)(du)(du)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)主(zhu)要(yao)由變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)(he)調度(du)(du)(du)主(zhu)站(zhan)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)組(zu)成。自(zi)(zi)1954年,中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)從蘇聯引進了(le)遠方(fang)終端(duan)裝(zhuang)置RTU,東北(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)安(an)裝(zhuang)了(le)16套遙測裝(zhuang)置后,中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)進入了(le)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)發(fa)展時(shi)代。此后國(guo)內開始了(le)系(xi)列遠動(dong)(dong)產品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研制(zhi)開發(fa),并(bing)在華(hua)(hua)北(bei),華(hua)(hua)東和(he)(he)(he)東北(bei)三大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)推廣應用。變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)走過了(le)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)式、分(fen)布式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)道(dao)路(lu)。調度(du)(du)(du)主(zhu)站(zhan)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)也是(shi)在20世(shi)紀60年代中(zhong)(zhong)期,隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)迅(xun)速發(fa)展,基于(yu)計算機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數據采集(ji)和(he)(he)(he)監控(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)SCADA的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研制(zhi)而(er)(er)開始的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。兩者構(gou)(gou)(gou)成了(le)傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)調度(du)(du)(du)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本框架(jia)(jia),其對(dui)客(ke)戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)服(fu)務簡單(dan)(dan)、信(xin)息(xi)單(dan)(dan)向,系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)內部存(cun)在多個信(xin)息(xi)孤島(dao),缺乏信(xin)息(xi)共享。雖然(ran)局部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)程度(du)(du)(du)在不斷(duan)提(ti)高,但由于(yu)信(xin)息(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不完(wan)善和(he)(he)(he)共享能(neng)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)薄弱,使得系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)多個自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)割裂(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、局部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、孤立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),不能(neng)構(gou)(gou)(gou)成一(yi)個實(shi)(shi)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有機統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)整(zheng)(zheng)體, 所(suo)以整(zheng)(zheng)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)程度(du)(du)(du)較低。而(er)(er)與傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)調度(du)(du)(du)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)相(xiang)比,設(she)想中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)調度(du)(du)(du)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)將進一(yi)步(bu)(bu)拓(tuo)展對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)全(quan)景信(xin)息(xi)(指(zhi)完(wan)整(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、正確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、具有精確(que)時(shi)間斷(duan)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、標準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力流(liu)(liu)信(xin)息(xi)和(he)(he)(he)業(ye)務流(liu)(liu)信(xin)息(xi)等) 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獲取能(neng)力,以堅強、可(ke)靠、通(tong)暢的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)架(jia)(jia)構(gou)(gou)(gou)和(he)(he)(he)信(xin)息(xi)交互平臺(tai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)基礎,以服(fu)務生(sheng)產全(quan)過程為(wei)(wei)(wei)需求,整(zheng)(zheng)合(he)(he)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)各(ge)種實(shi)(shi)時(shi)生(sheng)產和(he)(he)(he)運營信(xin)息(xi),通(tong)過加強對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)業(ye)務流(liu)(liu)實(shi)(shi)時(shi)動(dong)(dong)態(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)析、診斷(duan)和(he)(he)(he)優(you)(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua),為(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)運行(xing)和(he)(he)(he)管(guan)理(li)人員提(ti)供更為(wei)(wei)(wei)全(quan)面、完(wan)整(zheng)(zheng)和(he)(he)(he)精細(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)運營狀態(tai)圖(tu),并(bing)給出相(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輔助決(jue)策支持,以及控(kong)制(zhi)實(shi)(shi)施方(fang)案和(he)(he)(he)應對(dui)預案,最(zui)大(da)(da)程度(du)(du)(du)地(di)實(shi)(shi)現更為(wei)(wei)(wei)精細(xi)、準(zhun)(zhun)確(que)、及時(shi)、績優(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)運行(xing)和(he)(he)(he)管(guan)理(li)。智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)將進一(yi)步(bu)(bu)優(you)(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)各(ge)級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)控(kong)制(zhi),構(gou)(gou)(gou)建(jian)結構(gou)(gou)(gou)扁平化(hua)(hua)(hua)、功能(neng)模(mo)塊化(hua)(hua)(hua)、系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)組(zu)態(tai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柔性體系(xi)架(jia)(jia)構(gou)(gou)(gou),通(tong)過集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)與分(fen)散相(xiang)結合(he)(he),靈活變換網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡結構(gou)(gou)(gou)、智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)重組(zu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)架(jia)(jia)構(gou)(gou)(gou)、最(zui)佳(jia)配置系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)效(xiao)能(neng)、優(you)(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)服(fu)務質量,實(shi)(shi)現與傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)截然(ran)不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)構(gou)(gou)(gou)成理(li)念和(he)(he)(he)體系(xi)。由于(yu)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)可(ke)及時(shi)獲取完(wan)整(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)信(xin)息(xi),因此可(ke)極大(da)(da)地(di)優(you)(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)全(quan)壽命周期管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)體系(xi),承載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)企業(ye)社會責任,確(que)保電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)實(shi)(shi)現最(zui)優(you)(you)技術(shu)經濟比、最(zui)佳(jia)可(ke)持續發(fa)展、最(zui)大(da)(da)經濟效(xiao)益、最(zui)優(you)(you)環境保護,從而(er)(er)優(you)(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)社會能(neng)源配置,提(ti)高能(neng)源綜(zong)合(he)(he)投資及利用效(xiao)益。
三、目前智(zhi)能電網自動化研究(jiu)現狀(zhuang)
雖然中國還(huan)沒有從國家(jia)層面(mian)制定(ding)智能電(dian)網(wang)的(de)發(fa)展戰略(lve),但在很多(duo)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)的(de)研(yan)究成果已經為發(fa)展智能電(dian)網(wang)奠定(ding)了一定(ding)的(de)基礎。尤其在智能電(dian)網(wang)調度自動化方(fang)(fang)面(mian)主(zhu)要是建設數(shu)字(zi)化變(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)和提升調度自動化主(zhu)站(zhan)系統。
目前(qian)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字化(hua)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)主要基于(yu)先進的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)網(wang)絡通(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)、非常規互(hu)(hu)感器、智能終端(duan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)和(he)(he)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)協(xie)議IEC61850標(biao)(biao)準,和(he)(he)以(yi)前(qian)使用的(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)準不同(tong)之(zhi)處在于(yu)對(dui)(dui)象模(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing),它以(yi)服務器模(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)、邏(luo)輯設(she)(she)備(bei)模(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)、邏(luo)輯節點模(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)對(dui)(dui)象模(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)建立(li)了裝置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)模(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)。IEC61850定(ding)(ding)義了統(tong)(tong)一的(de)(de)(de)(de)XML配置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)語言用于(yu)描(miao)述這些數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)模(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)。這些工作(zuo)使得(de)(de)(de)裝置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)變(bian)(bian)得(de)(de)(de)透明化(hua),使得(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)變(bian)(bian)得(de)(de)(de)確定(ding)(ding)化(hua),滿足數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)讀取(qu)和(he)(he)互(hu)(hu)操作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要求。采(cai)(cai)用面(mian)向(xiang)對(dui)(dui)象的(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)描(miao)述方(fang)(fang)法(fa)定(ding)(ding)義各類(lei)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)對(dui)(dui)象類(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)DOType、DAType;多種類(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)對(dui)(dui)象組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)邏(luo)輯節點類(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(LNType);多種類(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)邏(luo)輯節點組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)邏(luo)輯設(she)(she)備(bei),最后(hou)形成(cheng)裝置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)模(mo)板;通(tong)(tong)過(guo)多個(ge)裝置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實例(li)、一次(ci)設(she)(she)備(bei)實例(li)形成(cheng)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju) ; 定(ding)(ding)義了完(wan)整(zheng)地描(miao)述這些數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)對(dui)(dui)象的(de)(de)(de)(de)語言代碼(ma)和(he)(he)方(fang)(fang)法(fa);定(ding)(ding)義了完(wan)整(zheng)地描(miao)述面(mian)向(xiang)對(dui)(dui)象的(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)服務的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)。與傳統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)相比(bi),數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字化(hua)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)具有的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點是采(cai)(cai)用新(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)互(hu)(hu)感器,通(tong)(tong)過(guo)過(guo)程總線實現測量(liang)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)全面(mian)共享;間(jian)隔層,甚至(zhi)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)控(kong)(kong)層自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)動化(hua)功能突破智能裝置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“邊界”,實現自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)由分布和(he)(he)應(ying)用集成(cheng);取(qu)消傳統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“硬接線”,自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)動化(hua)功能之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)邏(luo)輯配合關系(xi)(xi)建立(li)在信(xin)(xin)息(xi)交換的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上;變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)作(zuo)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)動化(hua)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)源和(he)(he)控(kong)(kong)制終端(duan),通(tong)(tong)過(guo)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)傳輸(shu)為控(kong)(kong)制中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)提供更加完(wan)整(zheng)和(he)(he)豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)息(xi),例(li)如一次(ci)設(she)(she)備(bei)監測信(xin)(xin)息(xi)、二次(ci)設(she)(she)備(bei)監測信(xin)(xin)息(xi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)運行(xing)狀態信(xin)(xin)息(xi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)故障信(xin)(xin)息(xi)、計量(liang)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)等(deng);變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)動化(hua)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)成(cheng)為整(zheng)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)動化(hua)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有機組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)部分,通(tong)(tong)過(guo)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)傳輸(shu)可(ke)以(yi)實現如區域無功優化(hua)策略、區域防(fang)誤(wu)策略、區域備(bei)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)投策略、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)故障分析系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)等(deng)控(kong)(kong)制中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)功能。
調度(du)自動化主站(zhan)也(ye)將(jiang)隨著技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)步得(de)到(dao)進(jin)一步提(ti)升,目前主要是(shi)采用(yong)先進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)IEC 61970標(biao)準,給(gei)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)帶來新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化。使(shi)(shi)得(de)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)是(shi)不(bu)同廠商(shang)開(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)EMS應(ying)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)集成和(he)(he)(he)獨立開(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)完整(zheng)EMS系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)集成,也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)是(shi)EMS系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)與(yu)有(you)關電力(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)運行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)其他系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)集成,例如(ru)發(fa)(fa)電或配電管(guan)理(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)。IEC 61970使(shi)(shi)EMS的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)軟件(jian)組件(jian)化和(he)(he)(he)開(kai)(kai)(kai)放化。能即(ji)(ji)插(cha)即(ji)(ji)用(yong)和(he)(he)(he)互(hu)(hu)聯(lian)互(hu)(hu)通,使(shi)(shi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)集成和(he)(he)(he)信息(xi)(xi)共(gong)享更加(jia)(jia)容易。對電力(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三個最(zui)主要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)涉眾(zhong)――最(zui)終用(yong)戶、開(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)商(shang)和(he)(he)(he)行業管(guan)理(li)(li)者――都具有(you)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意義(yi)。這種變(bian)化使(shi)(shi)得(de)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)和(he)(he)(he)應(ying)用(yong)得(de)到(dao)了極大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自由空間(jian),和(he)(he)(he)以(yi)(yi)往相(xiang)比可(ke)以(yi)(yi)更加(jia)(jia)開(kai)(kai)(kai)放地(di)融(rong)合(he)其他商(shang)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產品。使(shi)(shi)得(de)接口和(he)(he)(he)模型更加(jia)(jia)通用(yong),為(wei)以(yi)(yi)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)之(zhi)間(jian)交互(hu)(hu)提(ti)供(gong)了很(hen)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自由度(du)。信息(xi)(xi)流間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壁壘減弱(ruo)了,信息(xi)(xi)孤島將(jiang)被消(xiao)除,系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)之(zhi)間(jian)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)共(gong)享資源,為(wei)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)智能化提(ti)供(gong)了大(da)量可(ke)互(hu)(hu)通的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模型結構。
四(si)、智能化(hua)調(diao)度(du)自(zi)動化(hua)設(she)想
未來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)調(diao)度(du)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)將(jiang)是一個(ge)龐大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong),系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)將(jiang)基于高(gao)級測量體系(xi)(xi)AMI將(jiang)負荷數(shu)據(ju)和(he)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)聯系(xi)(xi)起來(lai),高(gao)級測量體系(xi)(xi)包括智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)表,通(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo),用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)室(shi)內(nei)外網(wang)(wang)(wang)等(deng)。系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)將(jiang)包括基于三維(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)GIS地理(li)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)子(zi)(zi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong),高(gao)級智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)配網(wang)(wang)(wang)子(zi)(zi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong),高(gao)級智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運(yun)(yun)行子(zi)(zi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)機器(qi)人(ren)巡視(shi)子(zi)(zi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)等(deng)。由于所有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)區(qu)域性(xing)(xing)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)調(diao)度(du)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)數(shu)據(ju)能(neng)(neng)互相(xiang)(xiang)傳(chuan)輸(shu),互相(xiang)(xiang)兼容(rong),所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)互動(dong)(dong)(dong)性(xing)(xing)非常強(qiang),消除(chu)了信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)孤島。強(qiang)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)間冗余(yu)(yu)和(he)組合(he)能(neng)(neng)力使得(de)數(shu)據(ju)能(neng)(neng)在(zai)全(quan)局范圍(wei)內(nei)得(de)到(dao)整合(he)。可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)從各(ge)個(ge)區(qu)域性(xing)(xing)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)數(shu)據(ju)庫中(zhong)調(diao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)所需(xu)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)數(shu)據(ju),并(bing)(bing)形成(cheng)全(quan)局性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)拓撲能(neng)(neng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)為人(ren)工智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)提(ti)(ti)供完整統(tong)(tong)(tong)一的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)模型(xing)。這(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)結(jie)構扁(bian)平、多層分布、功能(neng)(neng)可(ke)(ke)組及(ji)布置靈活(huo)。構建信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)交互與共享(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)層次架構,避免無謂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、甚至是有(you)害的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)海量信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)操(cao)作。同時,新型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)交互平臺將(jiang)是堅固的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、靈活(huo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、抗攻擊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、自(zi)(zi)防御的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)調(diao)度(du)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)將(jiang)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)一到(dao)完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平臺上,并(bing)(bing)實(shi)(shi)現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙向(xiang)互動(dong)(dong)(dong)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。從用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)端來(lai)說(shuo),個(ge)性(xing)(xing)化(hua)(hua)、需(xu)求(qiu)化(hua)(hua)、靈活(huo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)需(xu)求(qiu)將(jiang)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)得(de)到(dao)實(shi)(shi)現;自(zi)(zi)有(you)、富余(yu)(yu)、投資性(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)補充、調(diao)配和(he)應急(ji)。從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)側而言(yan),可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)實(shi)(shi)時掌握電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)需(xu)求(qiu)、即時掌控負荷分配、預估系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)安全(quan)穩定、有(you)效(xiao)調(diao)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)資源(yuan)、合(he)理(li)引導用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、快速應對突發風險、切實(shi)(shi)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)投資效(xiao)益。而且,雙向(xiang)交互式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)溝(gou)通(tong),將(jiang)會(hui)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)真(zhen)實(shi)(shi)、有(you)效(xiao)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)遞,提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反應速度(du)和(he)效(xiao)能(neng)(neng);還(huan)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)拉近與用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)距離,體驗用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)需(xu)求(qiu),鑄就良好企業(ye)形象,切實(shi)(shi)履行企業(ye)社(she)會(hui)責任;促(cu)進用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)主(zhu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)注和(he)參(can)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)穩定運(yun)(yun)行,培養用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)主(zhu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)節能(neng)(neng)。
結語
智(zhi)能調度自動(dong)化將是智(zhi)能電(dian)網(wang)運行(xing)不可缺少(shao)的(de)(de)智(zhi)能系(xi)統(tong)(tong),對其研(yan)究必須(xu)從中國的(de)(de)國情(qing)出發(fa),充分(fen)利用(yong)先進的(de)(de)IT技(ji)術和智(zhi)能化科技(ji),以及最先進的(de)(de)通信(xin)技(ji)術。必須(xu)將自動(dong)化系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)數據在(zai)模型結構上統(tong)(tong)一,兼容,實(shi)(shi)現系(xi)統(tong)(tong)間的(de)(de)雙向互動(dong),既(ji)能分(fen)散運行(xing),又能自由組合。在(zai)安全性,保密性的(de)(de)基礎上實(shi)(shi)現數據在(zai)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)群中的(de)(de)自由定位。使得(de)智(zhi)能電(dian)網(wang)能實(shi)(shi)現信(xin)息交(jiao)互、需求交(jiao)互,使得(de)社會效益最大化。